He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics. He is best known for his theory x and theory y, which splits. Douglas mcgregor s revolutionary theory y which contends that individuals are selfmotivated and selfdirected influenced major management gurus such as peter drucker and warren bennis. Even if we understand that our business culture today is grounded in a number of theory y tenants, the desire to control performance is always a variable that will drive organizations to theory x applications. Mcgregor s 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, had a profound influence on education practices. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to. First published in 1960, the human side of enterprise has become a worldwide management bible. Theory x, theory y, and theory z simple book production.
Douglas mcgregor, one of maslow s students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature theory x and theory y. Theory x is somehow related to concept of scientific management, which advocates that people dislike the work and they have to be strictly controlled. Prottas assistant professor of management adelphi university anne l. Theory x advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. Mcgregor argued that these assumptions fall into two broad categories theory x and theory y. Sep 09, 2016 douglas mcgregor wrote about theory x and theory y in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The classical organizational approach that mcgregor associated with theory x.
He is best known for his theory x and theory y, which splits corporate thinking into two camps. Douglas mcgregor then arrived at the conclusion that the style of leadership depends on the. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y introduction. Mcgregors 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, had a profound influence on education practices. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. This annotated edition shows how todays leaders successfully incorporated mcgregors methods into modern management styles. Douglas mcgregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by bennis, caroline mcgregor. Mcgregors sets forth two alternative views of human nature first view are called theoryx and the second view is called theoryy. Theory x was about assuming that your workforce did not want to work, and approaching them with a carrot and stick. Theory x and theory y are still referred to regularly in the fields of management and motivation. Not only did douglas mccregor contributed the basic concepts of theory xy but he also already saw 60 years. How are mcgregors theories x and y and ouchis theory z used to explain worker motivation. Douglas mcgregor, through his wellknown theory x and theory y, drew a distinction between the assumptions about human motivation which underlie these two approaches, to this effect.
Theory x and theory y describe two views of people at work and may be used to describe two opposing management styles. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous xy theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. The first part introduces the concepts of theory x and theory y. In his book the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed 2 contrasting theories on employee motivation. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. This article describes the theory x and theory y of douglas mcgregor. Both of these are assumptions of human nature that lie behind certain management practices.
In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Mcgregors theory x and theory y were the gospel when i was a business major in college during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Aug 11, 2014 douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y. If you believe that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation, then, according to mcgregor, youll likely use an. Douglas mcgregor, the human side of enterprise new york, mcgrawhill book. Douglas mcgregor on theory x and theory y gary tremolada. Mcgregor outlined two basic approaches, theory x and theory y. Theory x holds a negative traditional view of the workers while theory y holds a much refined and positive view of workers.
The human side of enterprise consists of 3 parts and is in total about 250 pages. Mcgregor describes theory x and theory y, two fundamentally different ways managers view their employees. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist had authored and published a book titled, the human side of enterprise. Motivation, theory x and y, classroom, management manager and organisation introduction douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y in his book the human side of enterprise in 1960. A historical view of douglas mcgregors theory y emerald. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y. Furthermore, there is a certain amount of confusion around the underlying principles of the theories. Douglas mcgregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called theory x and theory y. The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if. Theory x and theory y in his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. He also taught at the indian institute of management calcutta. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. He later became a professor of management at massachusetts institute of technology he was succeeded by warren bennis.
In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. The purpose of this paper is to trace douglas mcgregor s theory y thinking back from pre. Theory x, theory y by douglas mcgregor is a motivation theory. Theory x and theory y are management theories about two different type of manager style, and motivation in the organization that was published by douglas mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise in 1960s. He contributed much to the development of management and motivational theory. Theory x and theory y were part of mcgregors philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. Theory x and theory y were first explained by mcgregor in his book, the human. Douglas mcgregors theory x vs theory y lucidchart blog.
Theory x and theory y team management training from. Mcgregors six assumptions of theory y and his ideas of integrating individual and organization. Theory x and theory y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor see article in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Mar 21, 20 theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. The definitive guide stepbystep maslows hierarchy of needs.
Not only is the book brilliant, joel cutchergershenfelds introduction is a must read. Davis colonel tooele army depot douglas mcgregor s landmark book, the human side of enterprise 1960, changed the path of management. Mcgregor s theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor s in his book the human side of enterprise published in 1960, explained two different kinds of theories or assumptions about human behavior. I knew instinctively that mcgregors assessment of the traditional view management, which he names theory x, was true because i had worked in x environments for years, trying to run y divisions. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. Implications of theory x and theory y on management practice according to mcgregor, the theory x type of management, which originated in a roman catholic church and military institution with its centralized decision making and external control work, is based on the assumption about human being. In his book, the human side of enterprise, he outlined a new role for managers. Douglas mcgregor, through his wellknown theory x and theory y, drew a. Theory x and theory y were first explained by mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise, and they refer to two styles of management authoritarian theory x and participative theory y. Theory x and theory y in 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. This new theory gives a new look to the relationships flanked by human being and management. It encapsulated a fundamental distinction between management styles. Douglas mcgregor work is established in motivation theory. In other words, a manager has thorough knowledge and excludes workers from decisionmaking process.
The conventional approach of theory x is based on mistaken. He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles. The outcomes of positive outlook at mankind in organizations let people participate in decisionmaking process, encouraging communication for improvement. It describes two contrasting sets of assumptions that managers make about their people. Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and practice by. Dec 02, 2019 the annotated edition of the book, published in 2006, includes dozens of additional callouts and citations of research and vignettes of management experience, demonstrated the continued relevance of this master work. Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. Theory x holds a negative traditional view of the workers while theory y holds a much refined and. Douglas murray mcgregor 1906 1 october 1964 was a management professor at the mit sloan school of management and president of antioch college from 1948 to 1954. In this episode, we examine douglas mcgregor s most famous work, the human side of enterprise, that proposed two theories encapsulating management assumptions about human behavior. Even though mcgregor wrote about the business culture of the 1950s, his book and his most profound insights are still valid today. It is to mcgregor s thorough research and curiosity in behavior and incentive that we owe our current understanding of theory x and theory y. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y management. His 1960 book the human side of enterprise had a profound influence on education practices.
In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. X and theory y was developed by social psychologist douglas mcgregor. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory. Dislike work and will avoid if they potential can, need to be controlled and or threaten before they will actually work hard, dont want any responsibility. Theory x people dislike work, have little ambition, and are unwilling to take responsibility. Mcgregor s work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. Dec 10, 2018 douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory.
According to this theory the management is responsible for coordinating the activities in an organisation and for accomplishing its purposes. Inspire a love of reading with prime book box for kids. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y. Mcgregor s six assumptions of theory y and his ideas of integrating individual and organization. They can only be made to get results at work by the application of. Kopelman professor of management baruch college david j. Theory x and theory y were part of mcgregor s philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. Theory x and theory y were part of mcgregors philosophy of management, which. May 05, 2018 douglas mcgregors in his book the human side of enterprise published in 1960, explained two different kinds of theories or assumptions about human behavior. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. I knew instinctively that mcgregor s assessment of the traditional view management, which he names theory x, was true because i had worked in x environments for years, trying to run y divisions.
The theory x management style is based on a pessimistic view of human nature and assumes the following. This bibliography was generated on cite this for me on monday, november 23, 2015. After reading you will understand the background and the practical basics of these leadership styles what is theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y as far as mcgregor was concerned, this was a starting place, not a definitive set of universal rules to be adopted without question. Mcgregors theories x and y introduction to business. Nov 25, 2019 douglas mcgregors theory incorporates both internal and external motivation. In 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions about people. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit. Mcgregor postulated 2 theories on human management and leadership which are theory x and theory y. The human side of enterprise by douglas mcgregor 1960. Theory x and theory y by douglas mcgregor morningcow. He referred to these two perceptions as theory x and theory y.
Mar 01, 2019 theory x and theory y are management theories about two different type of manager style, and motivation in the organization that was published by douglas mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise in 1960s. His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by bennis, caroline mcgregor, and schein. Theory x stands for the set of traditional beliefs held, while theory y stands for the set of beliefs based on researchers in behavioral science which are concerned with modern social views on the man. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a lecturer at harvard university and became the first sloan fellows professor at mit his theory x and theory y was detailed in the human side of enterprise, published in 1960. Douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and practice by. In the book the human side of enterprise, mcgregor identified an approach of creating an environment within which employees are motivated via authoritative direction and control or integration and selfcontrol, which he called theory x and theory y, respectively. This was followed in 1960 by the human side of enterprise, a book in which he. His theory x described the dominant thinking of the 1950s, where managers held a dim view of employees, who were assumed to be disinclined to work and had to be coerced into doing so.
X and y theory other bibliographies cite this for me. Theory x and theory y of motivation explain with examples. This bibliography was generated on cite this for me on thursday, november 26, 2015. The concept of theory x and theory y was developed by social psychologist douglas mcgregor. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. This annotated edition shows how todays leaders successfully incorporated mcgregor s methods into modern management styles. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 is one of the forefathers of management theory and one of the top business thinkers of all time.
Douglas mcgregors revolutionary theory y which contends that individuals are selfmotivated and selfdirected influenced major management gurus such as peter drucker and warren bennis. Abstract mcgregor, douglas 1960 douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y models in his book the human side of enterprise 1960. Organizational communication channel 114,558 views. Theory x is related to traditional approach about people and theory y is related to modern approach about people. What might be less immediately understandable are the differing effects of theory x and y. Theory x and theory y assumptions, merits and demerits. These findings were detailed in the human side of enterprise, first published in 1960. Mcgregors six assumptions of theory y and his ideas of. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to assemble the factors of production, including people.
Davis colonel tooele army depot douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise 1960, changed the path of management. Douglas murray mcgregor 1906 1 october 1964 was an american organizational theorist and management professor at the mit sloan school of management and president of antioch college from 1948 to 1954. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregors xy theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management. Theory x and theory y management oxford bibliographies. There is no question that theory x and theory y had an incredible impact on management thinking. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. So, in place of theory x mcgregor proposed a new theory broadly recognized as theory y. He was a social psychologist who became the president of antioch college. These are the sources and citations used to research x and y theory. Douglas mcgregor has introduced two theories in his famous book, the human side of enterprise. Nov 20, 2011 theory x, theory y by douglas mcgregor is a motivation theory.
363 810 1638 934 1177 31 725 1038 681 20 667 848 1033 441 902 617 1061 631 548 1143 1556 569 857 1289 28 767 403 1185 821 254 188 245 531 680 1506 1421 721 58 1134 464 524 993 662 1416 1416